Read the text carefully: Modernism in Art
A proliferation of varying styles characterized the world of American art and architecture in the period between 1880 and the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In spite of the fact that these various styles often had little in common with each other, they are traditionally clustered under the label of modernism.
It is thus rather difficult to give a precise definition of modernism, one that encompasses all the characteristics of the artists and architects who are commonly grouped under this label. What modernists do have in common is that their work contains at least one of two characteristics of modernism.
One fundamental characteristic of modernism is a demonstration of progressive innovation. In general, a modernist is someone who tries to develop an individual style by adding to or improving upon the style of immediate predecessors. The modernist belief was in starting with the ideas of the mainstream movement and then innovating from the mainstream to improve upon the ideas of predecessors rather than in breaking away from the mainstream to create something entirely new. However, because there were varying ideas on what constituted the mainstream and because the potential innovations emanating from the mainstream were infinite, modernism under this definition could take a myriad of directions.
A second fundamental characteristic of modernism was the belief that art could and should reflect the reality of modern life and would not, for example, focus on the lives of society’s most privileged members or on otherworld entities such as angels.
Though there was agreement among modernists as to the need for art to reflect modern life, there was far less agreement on what actually constituted modern life. Thus, modern artists and architects reflect very different aspects of modern life in their works.
Based on the text select the
characteristics shared by modernism in art:

a

Though modernism in art shares certain characteristics, these characteristics can be difficult to define precisely.

b

There is no universal agreement as to exactly what makes up modern life.

c

Modernism is a very specific style of art.

d

It can be difficult to define what the mainstream is.

e

A reflection of the reality of modern art is one aspect of modernism; Modernism in art improves upon the style of the mainstream; many different styles are part of modern art.

Próxima Questão